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Effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst on gaseous pollutants and fine particles from an engine operatingon diesel and biodiesel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Weiwei SONG, Xingtong WANG, Jihua TAN

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 463-469 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0317-3

摘要: The effects of a diesel oxidation catalytic (DOC) converter on diesel engine emissions were investigated on a diesel bench at various loads for two steady-state speeds using diesel fuel and B20. The DOC was very effective in hydrocarbon (HC) and CO oxidation. Approximately 90%–95% reduction in CO and 36%–70% reduction in HC were realized using the DOC. Special attention was focused on the effects of the DOC on elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions in fine particles (PM ) emitted from the diesel engine. The carbonaceous compositions of PM were analyzed by the method of thermal/optical reflectance (TOR). The results showed that total carbon (TC), OC and EC emissions for PM from diesel fuel were generally reduced by the DOC. For diesel fuel, TC emissions decreased 22%–32% after the DOC depending on operating modes. The decrease in TC was attributed to 35%–97% decrease in OC and 3%–65% decrease in EC emissions. At low load, a significant increase in the OC/EC ratio of PM was observed after the DOC. The effect of the DOC on the carbonaceous compositions in PM from B20 showed different trends compared to diesel fuel. At low load, a slight increase in EC emissions and a significant decrease in OC/EC ratio of PM after DOC were observed for B20.

关键词: diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)     diesel particulate matters     elemental carbon (EC)     organic carbon (OC)     biodiesel    

Pollution characteristics of particulate matters emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in urban Jinan

Yifei Song, Lei Sun, Xinfeng Wang, Yating Zhang, Hui Wang, Rui Li, Likun Xue, Jianmin Chen, Wenxing Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1024-0

摘要: To understand the pollution characteristics of particulate matter emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in eastern China, measurements of the PM mass concentration, the number concentration of particles with a diameter of 0.01 to 1.0 m, and the particle size distribution from 0.3 to 25 m were carried out at seven barbecue restaurants in urban Jinan. The average PM mass concentration and sub-micron particle number concentrations at a distance of 1 m from the grills were 250 to 1083 g/m and 0.90 × 10 to 2.23 × 10 cm , respectively, which were much higher than those in the ambient air of the urban area. Compared to the ambient atmosphere, barbecue cooking emitted very high levels of particles with a larger increase in the concentrations of super-micron particles than that of sub-micron particles. The super-micron particle number concentrations at the barbecue restaurants were 10 to 100 times higher than those observed in the ambient urban atmosphere. The barbecue smoke had a significant effect on the particle concentrations in the surrounding region. Both mass and number concentrations of particles exhibited maximum values immediately near the barbecue grills and often reached a peak at a distance of 10 to 15 m. The removal efficiency of a range hood for the cooking particles was tested in an indoor kitchen. The range hood effectively cleaned the particulate matter pollution caused by cooking with a removal efficiency larger than 80%. Therefore, the use of a range hood is recommended for outdoor barbecue restaurants coupled with a smoke purifier to clean the emitted high concentrations of particles.To understand the pollution characteristics of particulate matter emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in eastern China, measurements of the PM mass concentration, the number concentration of particles with a diameter of 0.01 to 1.0 m, and the particle size distribution from 0.3 to 25 m were carried out at seven barbecue restaurants in urban Jinan. The average PM mass concentration and sub-micron particle number concentrations at a distance of 1 m from the grills were 250 to 1083 g/m and 0.90 × 10 to 2.23 × 10 cm , respectively, which were much higher than those in the ambient air of the urban area. Compared to the ambient atmosphere, barbecue cooking emitted very high levels of particles with a larger increase in the concentrations of super-micron particles than that of sub-micron particles. The super-micron particle number concentrations at the barbecue restaurants were 10 to 100 times higher than those observed in the ambient urban atmosphere. The barbecue smoke had a significant effect on the particle concentrations in the surrounding region. Both mass and number concentrations of particles exhibited maximum values immediately near the barbecue grills and often reached a peak at a distance of 10 to 15 m. The removal efficiency of a range hood for the cooking particles was tested in an indoor kitchen. The range hood effectively cleaned the particulate matter pollution caused by cooking with a removal efficiency larger than 80%. Therefore, the use of a range hood is recommended for outdoor barbecue restaurants coupled with a smoke purifier to clean the emitted high concentrations of particles.

关键词: Barbecue smoke     Particulate matters     Pollution characteristics     Emissions     Removal    

Influence of mineral transformation on emission of particulate matters during coal combustion

LIU Xiaowei, XU Minghou, YU Dunxi, GAO Xiangpeng, CAO Qian, HAO Wei

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 213-217 doi: 10.1007/s00000-007-0028-4

摘要: Combustion of pulverized coal was studied in a drop tube furnace to understand coal mineral properties with the emission of particulate matters (PM). Experimental conditions were selected as follows: coal particle size was smaller than 63 μm; reaction temperature was 1 100vH, 1 250vH and 1 400vH respectively; oxygen content was 20% and 50% respectively. PM was collected with a 13-stagelow pressure impactor (LPI) having an aerodynamic cut-off diameter ranging from 10.0 μm to 0.03 μm for a size-segregated collection. Such properties as concentration, particle size distribution and elemental composition of PM were investigated. The experimental results indicate that the emitted PM has a bimodal distribution having two peaks around 4.0 μm and 0.1 μm. Increasing temperature leads to the formation of more PM; varied oxygen content leads to much change of emitted PM. PM was also subjected to XRF analysis to quantify the elemental composition. The results show that PM of 0.1 μm is rich in sulfates. Meanwhile, SiO and AlO are prevalent in PM of 4.0 μm, which means that the last peak around 4.0 μm is mainly aluminosilicate salts.

关键词: prevalent     Combustion     cut-off diameter     temperature     particle    

Combustion and emission characteristics of a turbo-charged common rail diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-DEE

Ni ZHANG, Zuohua HUANG, Xiangang WANG, Bin ZHENG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 104-114 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0138-x

摘要: The combustion and emission characteristics of a turbo-charged, common rail diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-DEE blends were investigated. The study reports that the brake-specific fuel consumption of diesel-biodiesel-DEE blends increases with increase of oxygenated fuel fractions in the blends. Brake thermal efficiency shows little variation when operating on different diesel-biodiesel-DEE blends. At a low load, the NO emission of the diesel-biodiesel-DEE blends exhibits little variation in comparison with the biodiesel fraction. The NO emission slightly increases with increase in the biodiesel fraction in diesel-biodiesel-DEE blends at medium load. However, the NO emission increases remarkably with increase of the biodiesel fraction at high load. Particle mass concentration decreases significantly with increase of the oxygenated-fuels fraction at all engine speeds and loads; particle number concentration decreases remarkably with increase of the oxygenated-fuels fraction. HC and CO emissions decrease with increasing oxygenated-fuels fraction in these blends.

关键词: Combustion     particulate emissions     diesel-biodiesel-DEE blend     diesel engine    

A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Jie ZHANG, Yongliang MA, Yunshan GE, Jianwei TAN,

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 30-34 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0011-x

摘要: Oxygenated fuels are known to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines. In this study, 100% soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel fuel (B100) and a blend of 10% acetal denoted by A-diesel with diesel fuel were tested as oxygenated fuels. Particle size and number distributions from a diesel engine fueled with oxygenated fuels and base diesel fuel were measured using an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Measurements were made at ten steady-state operational modes of various loads at two engine speeds. It was found that the geometric mean diameters of particles from SME and A-diesel were lower than that from base diesel fuel. Compared to diesel fuel, SME emitted more ultra-fine particles at rated speed while emitting less ultra-fine particles at maximum speed. Ultra-fine particle number concentrations of A-diesel were much higher than those of base diesel fuel at most test modes.

关键词: oxygenated fuel     diesel particulate matter     particle size distribution     biofuel    

Photolysis and photooxidation of typical gaseous VOCs by UV Irradiation: Removal performance and mechanisms

In-Sun Kang, Jinying Xi, Hong-Ying Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1032-0

摘要: Photodegradation by ultraviolet irradiation (UV) is increasingly applied in volatile organic compound (VOC) and odor gas treatments. In this study, 27 typical VOCs, including 11 hydrocarbons and 16 hydrocarbon derivatives, at 150–200 ppm in air and nitrogen gas were treated by a laboratory-scale UV reactor with 185/254 nm irradiation to systematically investigate their removal and conversion by UV irradiation. For the tested 27 VOCs, the VOC removal efficiencies in air were within the range of 13%–97% (with an average of 80%) at a retention time of 53 s, which showed a moderate positive correlation with the molecular weight of the VOCs ( = 0.53). The respective contributions of photolysis and photooxidation to VOC removal were identified for each VOC. According to the CO results, the mineralization rate of the tested VOCs was within the range of 9%–90%, with an average of 41% and were negatively correlated to the molecular weight ( = 0.63). Many of the tested VOCs exhibited high concentration particulate matters in the off-gases with a 3–283 mg/m PM range and a 2–40 mg/m PM range. The carbon balance of each VOC during UV irradiation was analyzed based on the VOC, CO and PM concentrations. Certain organic intermediates and 23–218 ppm ozone were also identified in the off-gases. Although the UV technique exhibited a high VOC removal efficiency, its drawbacks, specifically low mineralization, particulate matters production, and ozone emission, must be considered prior to its application in VOC gas treatments.

关键词: VOCs     UV photodegradation     Particulate matters     Ozone    

SOIL ORGANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION MATTERS BUT IS NO PANACEA FOR CARBON-NEUTRAL AGRICULTURE

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 281-284 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022470

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Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1368-0

摘要:

• SMX was mainly degraded by hydrolysis, isoxazole oxidation and double-bond addition.

关键词: Sulfamethoxazole     Ozonation     Natural organic matters     Secondary effluent     Degradation mechanism    

Effects of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel on combustion and emissions of direct injection diesel engine

HUANG Yongcheng, WANG Shangxue, ZHOU Longbao

《能源前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 261-267 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0062-x

摘要: Effects of Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuel on the combustion and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine under different fuel delivery advance angles were investigated. The experimental results show that F-T diesel fuel exhibits shorter ignition delay, lower peak values of premixed burning rate, lower combustion pressure and pressure rise rate, and higher peak value of diffusion burning rate than conventional diesel fuel when the engine remains unmodified. In addition, the unmodified engine with F-T diesel fuel has lower brake specific fuel consumption and higher effective thermal efficiency, and presents lower HC, CO, NO and smoke emissions than conventional diesel fuel. When fuel delivery advance angle is retarded by 3 crank angle degrees, the combustion duration is obviously shortened; the peak values of premixed burning rate, the combustion pressure and pressure rise rate are further reduced; and the peak value of diffusion burning rate is further increased for F-T diesel fuel operation. Moreover, the retardation of fuel delivery advance angle results in a further significant reduction in NO emissions with no penalty on specific fuel consumption and with much less penalty on HC, CO and smoke emissions.

关键词: combustion pressure     further     HC     operation     single-cylinder    

Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

《能源前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 664-677 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0787-3

摘要: The combustion characteristics and emission behaviors of RP-3 jet fuel were studied and compared to commercial diesel fuel in a single-cylinder compression ignition (CI) engine. Engine operational parameters, including engine load (0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 MPa indicating the mean effective pressure (IMEP)), the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and the fuel injection timing (−20, −15, −10, and −5 ° crank angle (CA) after top dead center (ATDC)) were adjusted to evaluate the engine performances of RP-3 jet fuel under changed operation conditions. In comparison to diesel fuel, RP-3 jet fuel shows a retarded heat release and lagged combustion phase, which is more obvious under heavy EGR rate conditions. In addition, the higher premixed combustion fraction of RP-3 jet fuel leads to a higher first-stage heat release peak than diesel fuel under all testing conditions. As a result, RP-3 jet fuel features a longer ignition delay (ID) time, a shorter combustion duration (CD), and an earlier CA50 than diesel fuel. The experimental results manifest that RP-3 jet fuel has a slightly lower indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) compared to diesel fuel, but the ITE difference becomes less noticeable under large EGR rate conditions. Compared with diesel fuel, the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions of RP-3 jet fuel are higher while its soot emissions are lower. The NOx emissions of RP-3 can be effectively reduced with the increased EGR rate and delayed injection timing.

关键词: RP-3 jet fuel     diesel     engine     combustion     emissions    

Combustion analysis of a hydrogen-diesel fuel operated DI diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

M. LOGANATHAN, A. VELMURUGAN, TOM PAGE, E. JAMES GUNASEKARAN, P. TAMILARASAN

《能源前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 568-574 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0461-y

摘要: The rapid depletion of fossil fuel and growing demand necessitates researchers to find alternative fuels which are clean and sustainable. The need for finding renewable, low cost and environmentally friendly fuel resources can never be understated. An efficient method of generation and storage of hydrogen will enable automotive manufacturers to introduce hydrogen fuelled engine in the market. In this paper, a conventional DI diesel engine was modified to operate as gas engine. The intake manifold of the engine was supplied with hydrogen along with recirculated exhaust gas and air. The injection rates of hydrogen were maintained at three levels with 2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min and 8 L/min and 10 L/min with an injection pressure of 2 bar. Many of the combustion parameters like heat release rate (HRR), ignition delay, combustion duration, rate of pressure rise (ROPR), cumulative heat release rate (CHR), and cyclic pressure fluctuations were measured. The HRR peak pressure decreased with the increase in EGR rate, while combustion duration increased with the EGR rate. The cyclic pressure variation also increased with the increase in EGR rate.

关键词: hydrogen     exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)     diesel     combustion     heat release rate (HRR)     combustion duration    

Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating on different water in diesel emulsion

Seyed Saeed HOSEINI, Mohammad Amin SOBATI

《能源前沿(英文)》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 636-657 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0646-7

摘要: The nitrogen oxide (NO ) release of diesel engines can be reduced using water in diesel emulsion fuel without any engine modification. In the present paper, different formulations of water in diesel emulsion fuels were prepared by ultrasonic irradiation. The water droplet size in the emulsion, polydisperisty index, and the stability of prepared fuel was examined, experimentally. Afterwards, the performance characteristics and exhaust emission of a single cylinder air-cooled diesel engine were investigated using different water in diesel emulsion fuels. The effect of water content (in the range of 5%–10% by volume), surfactant content (in the range of 0.5%–2% by volume), and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) (in the range of 5–8) was examined using Box-Behnken design (BBD) as a subset of response surface methodology (RSM). Considering multi-objective optimization, the best formulation for the emulsion fuel was found to be 5% water, 2% surfactant, and HLB of 6.8. A comparison was made between the best emulsion fuel and the neat diesel fuel for engine performance and emission characteristics. A considerable decrease in the nitrogen oxide emission (–18.24%) was observed for the best emulsion fuel compared to neat diesel fuel.

关键词: water in diesel emulsion fuel     hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB)     response surface methodology (RSM)     emulsion stability     engine performance     exhaust emission    

Cylindrical particulate internal flows: A review

Lizhong HUANG, Xiang GAO, Jianzhong LIN

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第7卷 第4期   页码 385-393 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0354-z

摘要:

The study of cylindrical particulate internal flows has wide industrial applicability hence received much attention. This article reviews the cylindrical particulate internal flows over the past twenty years. The research is related to the cylindrical particulate flows in the straight channel, curved channel and rotational channel. Finally, several open research issues have been identified.

关键词: cylindrical particulate flow     internal flow    

Photodegradation of chromophoric dissolved organic matters in the water of Lake Dianchi, China

Yuan ZHANG,Chunming HU,Tao YU

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 575-582 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0664-y

摘要: Water samples were taken from Lake Dianchi, on the Yungui Plateau of southwest China, and experiments were conducted to simulate the photochemical degradation characteristic of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the lake water. Three groups of experiments under different light conditions: ultraviolet (UV) light, visible light, and dark, were done and variations of fluorescence properties, UV absorbance, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations during the experiments were analyzed to study the photodegradation process of CDOM with time. The result showed that light irradiation led to significant photochemical degradation of CDOM, resulting in changes in florescent properties, absorbance losses, decreases in aromaticity and average molecular weight, as well as decline in DOC concentration in the water. It was also observed that UV irradiation had greater effect than visible light did. However, various fluorophores had different sensitivities to the same irradiation condition, that is, protein-like fluorophore at the low excitation wavelengths is more sensitive to UV irradiation than the other fluorophores, and is more readily to undergo photo-degradation. In addition, visible light irradiation did not have significant impact on DOC in the water, with DOC concentration decrease by 5.57% –59.9% during the experiment time. These results may provide new knowledge on the environment behavior of CDOM in the water of Lake Dianchi.

关键词: chromophoric dissolved organic matter     photodegradation     ultraviolet radiation     dissolved organic carbon    

A method for quantifying bias in modeled concentrations and source impacts for secondary particulate

Cesunica E. Ivey, Heather A. Holmes, Yongtao Hu, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0866-6

摘要: A method for quantifying source impacts for secondary PM species is derived. The method provides estimates of bias in modeled concentrations. Adjusted concentrations match corresponding observations at monitored locations. Sources impacts on secondary species are estimated over the US for 20 sources. Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) estimates of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, and organic carbon are highly influenced by uncertainties in modeled secondary formation processes, such as chemical mechanisms, volatilization, and condensation rates. These compounds constitute the majority of PM mass, and reducing bias in estimated concentrations has benefits for policy measures and epidemiological studies. In this work, a method for adjusting source impacts on secondary species is developed that provides estimates of source contributions and reduces bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations. The bias correction adjusts concentrations and source impacts based on the difference between modeled concentrations and observations while taking into account uncertainties at the location of interest; and it is applied both spatially and temporally. We apply the method over the US for 2006. The mean bias for initial CMAQ concentrations compared to observations is −0.28 (OC), 0.11 (NO ), 0.05 (NH ), and −0.08 (SO ). The normalized mean bias in modeled concentrations compared to observations was effectively zero for OC, NO , NH , and SO after applying the secondary bias correction. 10-fold cross-validation was conducted to determine the performance of the spatial application of the bias correction. Cross-validation performance was favorable; correlation coefficients were greater than 0.69 for all species when comparing observations and concentrations based on kriged correction factors. The methods presented here address model uncertainties by improving simulated concentrations and source impacts of secondary particulate matter through data assimilation. Secondary-adjusted concentrations and source impacts from 20 emissions sources are generated for 2006 over continental US.

关键词: Particulate matter     Source apportionment     Secondary particulate matter     Chemical transport modeling     Receptor modeling    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst on gaseous pollutants and fine particles from an engine operatingon diesel and biodiesel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Weiwei SONG, Xingtong WANG, Jihua TAN

期刊论文

Pollution characteristics of particulate matters emitted from outdoor barbecue cooking in urban Jinan

Yifei Song, Lei Sun, Xinfeng Wang, Yating Zhang, Hui Wang, Rui Li, Likun Xue, Jianmin Chen, Wenxing Wang

期刊论文

Influence of mineral transformation on emission of particulate matters during coal combustion

LIU Xiaowei, XU Minghou, YU Dunxi, GAO Xiangpeng, CAO Qian, HAO Wei

期刊论文

Combustion and emission characteristics of a turbo-charged common rail diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-DEE

Ni ZHANG, Zuohua HUANG, Xiangang WANG, Bin ZHENG

期刊论文

A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Jie ZHANG, Yongliang MA, Yunshan GE, Jianwei TAN,

期刊论文

Photolysis and photooxidation of typical gaseous VOCs by UV Irradiation: Removal performance and mechanisms

In-Sun Kang, Jinying Xi, Hong-Ying Hu

期刊论文

SOIL ORGANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION MATTERS BUT IS NO PANACEA FOR CARBON-NEUTRAL AGRICULTURE

期刊论文

Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent

期刊论文

Effects of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel on combustion and emissions of direct injection diesel engine

HUANG Yongcheng, WANG Shangxue, ZHOU Longbao

期刊论文

Combustion and emissions of RP-3 jet fuel and diesel fuel in a single-cylinder diesel engine

期刊论文

Combustion analysis of a hydrogen-diesel fuel operated DI diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

M. LOGANATHAN, A. VELMURUGAN, TOM PAGE, E. JAMES GUNASEKARAN, P. TAMILARASAN

期刊论文

Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating on different water in diesel emulsion

Seyed Saeed HOSEINI, Mohammad Amin SOBATI

期刊论文

Cylindrical particulate internal flows: A review

Lizhong HUANG, Xiang GAO, Jianzhong LIN

期刊论文

Photodegradation of chromophoric dissolved organic matters in the water of Lake Dianchi, China

Yuan ZHANG,Chunming HU,Tao YU

期刊论文

A method for quantifying bias in modeled concentrations and source impacts for secondary particulate

Cesunica E. Ivey, Heather A. Holmes, Yongtao Hu, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell

期刊论文